Parts (Electronics): Difference between revisions

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== IC ==
== IC ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Name || Cost || Notes
|-
| [[555]]/556
| Timer
| $2.15 / 50
|
|-
| LM741
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier Op Amp]
| $1.65 / 10
| LM324 (quad) is about 20¢/pc but that's 5¢ per amp, so even at 2, that's better.
|-
| [http://www.paulanders.com/G5-LED/ver1/datablad.pdf LM8560]
| Alarm clock
| $1
| All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm.
|-
| TDA7000
| FM Radio
| $2
| All-in-one FM radio
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cd4051b.pdf CD4053]
| Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
| $1 / 10
|
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm386.pdf LM386N]
| Audio Amp
| $1 / 5
| Good for low power audio (1.25W)
|-
| [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General/COM-09622-MAX7219-MAX7221.pdf MAX7219CNG]
| 8 digit 7 segment display driver
| $3.70 / 10
| Look pretty cool!
|-
| [http://www.st.com/st-web-ui/static/active/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00000092.pdf L6219]
| Stepper Driver
| $5 / 5
| This one seems a little cheaper and more common.
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293.pdf L293]
| Stepper Driver
| $5 / 5
|
|-
| [http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/PCF8563.pdf PCF8563P ]
| Real time clock
| $1 / 2
|
|-
| [http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/74HC_HCT595.pdf 74HC595]
| Serial in shift register
| $2.20 / 25
|
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc165.pdf 74HC165N]
| Serial out shift register
| $7.70 / 50
|
|-
| Various
| SPI Flash
| $1.5
| Offer several MB of storage on a chip (~64).
|-
| various (HM62256, hm628128)
| SRAM chip
| ~$2
| Around 256KB
|-
| CD4040 / CD4060
| 12-bit counter
| $2 / 5
|
|-
| [https://www.elecrow.com/download/A3141-2-3-4-Datasheet.pdf A3144]
| Hall Effect Sensor Switch
| $2 / 5
| $1.60 / 10
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl494.pdf TL494]
| PWM Controller
| $3 / 10
|
|-
| [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/doc0180.pdf AT24C08A]
| 8KB EEPROM
| $10.50 / 50 = $0.21
|
|-
| [https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/149/uc3843-309322.pdf UC384X (x=2:5)]
| SMPS Controller
| $15 / 50 = $1.50
|
|}


{| class="wikitable"
 
! number  || Name || Cost     || Notes
=== Power Regulation ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Name || Cost || Notes
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LM317 LM317]
| Linear reg.
| $1.30 / 10
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78xx LM78xx]
| Linear reg.
| $1.30 / 10
| The xx is the voltage; 05,06,08,10,12,15,18,24
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2576.pdf LM2575T] LM2576T
| Switching reg.
| $3.00 / 10
| 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm723.pdf LM723]
| Voltage and current regulator
| $6.50 / 10
| found [http://electronics-diy.com/30v-10a-variable-bench-power-supply.php here]
|-
|-
| [[555]] || Timer  || 4¢  || -
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2596.pdf LM2596T]
| Switching reg.
| $3.00 / 10
| Similar to above, I think the switching is slower
|-
|-
| 741    || Op Amp || 10¢ || -
| MC34063
| Boost Buck Switching reg
| $2.40 / 50
| 40v 1.5A
|-
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm136-2.5-n.pdf LM336]
| 2.5V precision reference
| $1.88 / 10
| Up to 10mA. ± 1%
|-
|
| eFuse
|
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOhQ3nsR7xo From here]
|-
| TL431
| Adjustable voltage reference
| $5.28 / 50
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NecbHbGAkkc From here]
|}
|}
=== Microcontrollers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || I/O || Flash || Speed || Peripherals ||Notes
|-
| ATTINY85
| $1.23
| 6
| 8K
| 20MHz
| 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
|-
| ATTINY2313
| $1
| 16
| 8K
| 20MHz
| 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
|
|-
| ATMEGA8
| 90¢
| 23
| 8K
| 16MHz
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
|-
| ATMEGA328P
| $16/10
| 23
| 32K
| 20MHz
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Used on Arduino Uno and Pro
|-
| [http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega2560.aspx ATmega2560]
| $4
| 23
| 32K
| 20MHz
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Used on [https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega2560 Arduino Mega], no dips, try TQFP + dip adapter
|-
| Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP)
| $3
| ~36
| 32K
| 40MHz
| all the things
| not clear if it's 8 or 32 bit. Dev boards for $3.
|-
| Z80
| $1.5
|
|
|
| well... they've been around forever
|
|-
| PIC (PIC16F630)
| $1
| ~12
| ~2K
| 20MHz
|
|
|-
| STM32 "Blue Pill"
| $2
| ~20
| 64K
| 216MHz
|
| 32 bit
|}
=== Packages ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Description
|-
| DIP
| dual in-line pin, pins are 1/10" apart, 1/4" wide
|-
| QFP
| Quad Flat Pack
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Outline_Integrated_Circuit SOP]
| Small Outline Integrated Circuit
|}
=== ADC ===
* MCP3008: 8 channel 10 bit, SPI
* TLC0820: 8 bit parallel out
* ADS1213: 24 bit 4-ch mux
* ADS1xxx: Delta-Sigma
** ADS1213: 24-bit 4-ch mux
** ADS1256: $16 (breakout board) 24bit 8-ch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjLwvXKz2x8 looks good]
** ADS1115: $7 16bit 4-ch


== Modules ==
== Modules ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
! Name || Cost || Description
|-
|-
| Voltage Meter || $2.00 || 3x7seg LED, generally wide ranges of voltages
| ESP8622
| $2
| Wifi module
|-
| HC-06
| $4
| Bluetooth module
|-
| 8Ω Speaker
| $2
| -
|-
| IR Avoidance
| $1
| Detects nearby objects
|-
| HC-SR501 IR Motion
| $0.85
| Detects movement, good for activating lights
|-
| CH340G
| $1
| USB to Serial bridge
|-
| 433MHz Transmitter & Receiver
| $1
| -
|-
| LoRa tranceiver
| $4
| -
|-
| Peltier Cooler
| $2.25
| They take 60W so, needs a lot of power.
|-
|-
| Buck Module || $2.50 || (4-40v) → (1.3-37v), includes led panel
| HC-SR04
| $1.50
| Ultra sonic distance module
|-
|-
| L9110S
| $1
| Dual H-bridge 12v 800mA
|-
| L298N
| $3
| Dual H-bridge 35v 2A 25W
|-
| 15A Dual H-bridge
| $13
| Dual H-bridge 36v 15A
|-
| [[DS3231]]
| $0.75
| Real time clock with alarm and temperature
|-
| [[PCA9685]]
| $2.50
| 16ch servo motor controller
|-
| MPU-6050
| $1.00
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCyRXMvVSCw Inertial Measurement Unit (gyroscope+accelerometer)]
|}
=== LCD ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
|-
| 16x2 [http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-drive-a-character-LCD-displays-using-DIP-sw/step2/HD44780-pinout/ HD44780] LCD
| $2
| Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver
|-
| 20x4 [http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-drive-a-character-LCD-displays-using-DIP-sw/step2/HD44780-pinout/ HD44780] LCD
| $5.50
| About the same per char as above (a little more)
|-
| 84x48 2.4" 5110
| $2.5
| LCD Module (Nokia)
|-
| 240x320 2.4"
| $7
| LCD Module
|-
| 320x480 3.5"
| $13
| LCD Module
|-
| 800x480 7"
| $35
| LCD Module, these get complicated
|-
| 0.96 Inch OLED
| $7
| 128x64 Yellow and Blue, very thin
|-
| PCF8574
| $12/10
| I2C Expansion Board
|}
=== Power ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
|-
| Voltage Meter
| $2.00
| 3x7seg LED, generally wide ranges of voltages
|-
|  [http://www.ebay.com/itm/DC-LM2596-4-0-40-to-1-3-37V-LED-Voltmeter-Buck-Step-down-Power-Converter-Module-/141751278756 Buck Module]
| $2.74
| (4-40v) → (1.3-37v) @ 2A; includes led panel. Found a 9A version for $5, no display.
|-
| Mini voltage regulator
| $6.50 / 10
| There are several, typically around 20v → 17v (and anything below). Buck only. 2A:3A
|-
| Bread Board Supply
| $1
| Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB
|-
| 12V 1A Adapter
| $1.75
| Wall wart
|-
| [http://www.ebay.com/itm/191773734744 Micro Buck adapter]
| $4.16 / 10
| Switching buck regulator. In 4.75V-23V, Out 1V-17V, 1.8A, can handle bursts of 3A.
|-
| [http://www.ebay.com/itm/122300185723?_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649&ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT 3.3V Step Up]
| $10.37 / 5 ($2.07)
| Boosts a single 1.5V battery upto 3.3V. Good for Arduino Pro Mini.
|-
| DPS5020, DP20V2A, DP30V5A
| $18 - $30
| Programmable power supply module. Step down, must provide dc power. See [https://github.com/kanflo/opendps this].
|-
| USB C adapter
| $2.5
| Can provide several voltages
|}
Power Supplies
* Switching
** 12V 120W $12
** 12V 360W $17
** 24V 240W $15
* ATX: ~$20 500W
== Semiconductors ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Cost || Limit || Part
|-
| PNP BJT (TO-92)
| $1.00 / 100
| 40v 200mA
| [https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/2n/2n3906.pdf 2N3906]
|-
| NPN BJT (TO-92)
| $1.00 / 100
| 60v 200mA
| [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/2N3904.pdf 2N3904]
|-
| PNP BJT (TO-220)
| $2.60 / 50
| 100v 3A
| https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/TI/TIP32C.pdf TIP32]
|-
| NPN BJT (TO-220)
| $2.6 / 50
| 60v 3A
| [http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/fairchild/TIP31.pdf TIP31]
|-
| PNP BJT (TO-3)
| $4.87 / 5
| 60v 10A
| [http://www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00000895.pdf MJ2955]
|-
| NPN BJT (TO-3)
| $2.60 / 5
| 60v 15A
| [http://www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00000895.pdf 2N3055]
|-
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-92)
| $6.70 / 100
| 60v 200mA
| [https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/2N7000-D.PDF 2N7000]
|-
| P-chan MOSFET (TO-92)
| $14 / 50
| 45v 230mA
| [http://www.diodes.com/_files/datasheets/BS250P.pdf BS250] Note cost compared to N-chan; no longer available
|-
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-220)
| $2.95 / 10
| 100v 9.7A
| [http://www.redrok.com/MOSFET_IRF520N_100V_9.7A_200mO_Vth4.0_TO-220.pdf IRF520N]
|-
| P-cha MOSFET (TO-220)
| $2.38 / 10
| 100v 23A
| IRF9540
|-
| Diode
| $1.25 / 100
| 1000v 1A
| [http://www.diodes.com/_files/datasheets/ds28002.pdf 1N4007]
|-
| Zener Diode
| $4 / 50
| 1W
| For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits
|-
| Crystal Oscillator
| $1 / 10
|
| 16 MHz
|}
The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.
=== LEDs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Cost || Notes
|-
| 5mm Single Color
| $4 / 100
| Some color packs available
|-
| 3mm Single Color
| $1.5 / 100
| Some color packs available
|-
| Tri-Color 5mm
| $5 / 100
| Some color packs available
|-
| 1W LED
| $6 / 50
| Super bright, needs driver $0.12/2
|-
| 3W LED
| $8.93 / 100
| Super bright, needs driver $0.058/W
|-
| Laser 650nm (red) 5mW
| $2 / 10
| With copper module
|-
| Laser 1W 445nm (blue)
| $19
| really needs a driver
|-
| Laser 2W 445nm (blue)
| $31
| really needs a driver
|-
| Laser 3W 808nm (infrared)
| $60
| super needs a driver
|-
| 4-Digit 7 Segment
| $1 / 2
| There's a driver IC
|}
|}
=== Packages ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Description
|-
| TO-92
| Small black, semi circle, 3 leads from the bottom
|-
| TO-3
| metal can, good for heat dissipation, cheap heat-sinks, shaped like a rounded diamond about 1"x1.5", leads are .43" apart
|-
| TO-220
| metal tab heatsink
|-
| 5mm
| Common LED package
|}
TO stands for transistor-outline.
== Sensors ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Cost || Notes
|-
| Temperature sensor
| $3 / 5
| TO-92, -67F:257F
|-
| Photoresistor
| $1 / 20
|
|-
| Phototransistor
| $5 / 100
| IR, faster response than a photoresistor
|-
| Capacitive Electret Microphone
| $1 / 10
| needs a driver
|-
| Ultrasonic module
| $1
|
|-
| Strain sensors
|
|
|-
| Weight sensor
|
|
|}
Switches and buttons
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Cost || Notes
|-
| Rotary Switch
| $2 : $5
| Lots of variety
|-
| 2P2T Rocker Switch
| $3 / 10
| Lots of variety
|-
| Illuminated Rocker Switch
| $2 / 5
| Most take 12v for power.
|-
| Momentary push button switch
| $0.15 - $5
|
|-
| Rotary Encoder
| $5 / 10
| Needs a knob.
|-
| Magnetic switch
| $1
|
|}
== Magnetics ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Type || Cost || VA || Notes
|-
|
| 22mm toroid
| $1.60 / 5
|
|
|-
| EE42
| 2xE
| $8
|
|
|-
| Rm8
| Bobbin core
| $6.50 / 5
|
|
|-
| UY1658
| 2x U
| $24 / 5
|
|
|}
Powdered Fe3O4 can be had for $1.30/lb on ebay.
== Motors ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Type || Cost || Torque
|-
| RS550
| DC 12-20V ~70W
| $6
|
|-
| RS775
| DC 12-20V ~300W
| $14
|
|-
| 5mm Shaft Coupler
|
| $3
|
|-
| 9g SG90 Servo
| Plastic servo
| $20/10
|
|-
| 9g MG90 Servo
| SG90 upgrade, metal gears, more torque
| $25/10
|
|-
| Small drill chuck
|
| $8
|
|}
== Linear Components ==
=== Resistors ===
Resistors are typically 1/4W. The cost for these is negligible, assortment packages typically come in around 0.6¢ per resistor. To handle higher wattage, they can be used in parallel.
Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.
Wattages
* brown 3/8" : 1W
* blue 3/16" : 1/4w
=== Capacitors ===
Electrolytic up to 220uF are very cheap (2.8¢) and available in assortment packs. Up to 2200uf is still pretty cheap, 7.5¢ with a 1000uF@10v cap coming in around 5.6¢. Beyond this, the goes up rapidly for either additional capacitance or voltage with a 2200uF@25v around 50¢.
Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).
Supercaps seem to vary wildly. There's a 5.5V 4F one that's pretty common, with a small buck/boost module (with low dropout) that can provide a small amount of current for a long time.
=== Inductors ===
Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.
=== Fuses ===
Pico fuses are pretty cheap. About $0.20 a piece. Learned the hard way after blowing my new breadboard supply.
== Connectors ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Description || Cost || Notes
|-
| Banana Plug
| $3.94 / 20
|
|-
| Spring Terminal
| $1 / 2-terminal-block
| These come in a wide range of sizes
|-
| PCB Terminal Blocks
| $5.75 / 50x 2-terminal-block
| Also come in a variety of sizes.
|-
| 5.5x2.1mm DC socket
| $1.89 / 10
|
|-
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Male
| 50x40-pin $8.75
| For not much more, these come in colors
|-
| 0.1" Headers Female (not breakable)
| 10x40-pin $1.18
|
|-
| Swiss Machine Pin
| 12x40-pin $5.70
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Female "Single Row Round Female Pin Header"
|-
| USB A PCB socket
| $4 / 10
|
|-
| 3.5mm Socket
| $2 / 10
|
|-
| cable transition connector
| $4.90 / 25
| Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins
|-
| DIP sockets
| $1 / 10
| Easily swap out IC chips, good for programming microcontrollers
|-
| Micro USB
| $3.15 / 10
| This includes a small board, the raw socket is cheaper, it's smd.
|-
| Dupont
| ~$0.05 (requires multiple parts)
| These look really nice, what I've been looking for.
|-
| KF2510
| 2.15/50
| Enforces connection in only one direction, could be good for integrating power into connections.
|}
Swiss Machine Pins are good for IC sockets and can accept 22-24 AWG solid core and hold fairly solidly.
Cables
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Wires || Cost || Notes
|-
| Cat5
| 4x twisted pairs
| $10 / 150'
| very long lengths are cheaper per ft ($50/1000')
|-
| 1.27mm Pitch Ribbon Cable
| 4, 8, 10, 16, 26, 40
| around $1/3'
| Uses special connectors
|}
Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets.
Also, network cables aren't a bad choice, pre-made 0.5ft cables are about $0.60 and that gets us 8 wires.
Wire
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Type || Cost || Notes
|-
| 22 AWG Solid Core
| $10.35 / 100'
| breadboards and prototyping, works well with Swiss machine pins
|-
| 24 AWG Solid Core
| $23.80 / 250'
| prototyping, maybe breadboards
|-
| 26 AWG Tinned Copper Wire
| $8.75 / 100'
| good for perf boards
|}
== Circuit Boards ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Description || Cost Source || Cost
|-
| Copper Clad Board
| 36 x 4"x6" $22
| 2.5¢ insq
|-
| Ferric Chloride
| 4 oz dry / 1L wet $11
|
|-
| Perf Board
| 10 7x5cm $1.28
| 2.5¢ insq
|-
| Bread Board
| Standard Size
| $2.50
|-
| Shield Bread Board
| Sized for Arduino shields
| $2 / 5
|-
| Breakout Boards
| Convert smd to dip
| ~2¢
|}
== Dev Boards ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Details
|-
| RasPi 2 B
| $39
| 900MHz, 1G ram, HDMI, micro sd
|-
| RasPi 2 B+
| $30
| 700MHz, 512M ram, HDMI, micro sd
|-
| RasPi 2 A+
| $25
| 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Details
|-
| Arduino Nano
| $2.21
| 14 IO (6PWM 8ADC) 16K 16MHz
|-
| Arduino Pro Mini
| $2.00
| 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Arduino UNO R3
| $3.00
| 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Arduino Mega
| $6.80
| 54 IO (15PWM 16ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Teensy 3.6
| $32.50
| 62 IO (22PWM 25ADC 2DAC) 1M Flash/4K EEPROM 180MHz 3.3V
|}
== Hardware ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Details
|-
| 12mm Knob
| $2.50 / 10
| Common size for pots, switches and rotary encoders.
|-
| Standoffs
| $2.20 / 50
| M3 8mm
|-
| Standoff Screws
| $5.20 / 100
| nylon M3 5mm
|-
| ABS Project Box
| $3.5 / 5
| 100x60x25mm (9.3x2.3x1")
|-
| Aluminum Project Box
| $9 / 5
| 100x100x50mm
|-
| ABS Sheet
| $0.024 / insq
| DIY box, weld with a soldering iron, almost as expensive as copper clad boards
|-
| Aluminum Sheet
| $0.07 / insq
|
|-
| Polypropylene Sheet
| $0.014 / insq
|
|-
| PVC Sheet
| $0.021 / insq
|
|-
| Hardboard
| $0.0017 / insq
| That's right, best by an order of magnitude. Homedepot, not eBay.
|}
== To Print ==
* HD44780 char chart
* equations (C, L ...)
* page with many pinouts
[[Category:Electronics]]
== Pending ==
; UC3844
: Flyback controller at ~$0.70
== To Buy ==
Next Order
* PCF8574

Latest revision as of 19:58, 21 January 2022

IC

Part Name Cost Notes
555/556 Timer $2.15 / 50
LM741 Op Amp $1.65 / 10 LM324 (quad) is about 20¢/pc but that's 5¢ per amp, so even at 2, that's better.
LM8560 Alarm clock $1 All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm.
TDA7000 FM Radio $2 All-in-one FM radio
CD4053 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer $1 / 10
LM386N Audio Amp $1 / 5 Good for low power audio (1.25W)
MAX7219CNG 8 digit 7 segment display driver $3.70 / 10 Look pretty cool!
L6219 Stepper Driver $5 / 5 This one seems a little cheaper and more common.
L293 Stepper Driver $5 / 5
PCF8563P Real time clock $1 / 2
74HC595 Serial in shift register $2.20 / 25
74HC165N Serial out shift register $7.70 / 50
Various SPI Flash $1.5 Offer several MB of storage on a chip (~64).
various (HM62256, hm628128) SRAM chip ~$2 Around 256KB
CD4040 / CD4060 12-bit counter $2 / 5
A3144 Hall Effect Sensor Switch $2 / 5 $1.60 / 10
TL494 PWM Controller $3 / 10
AT24C08A 8KB EEPROM $10.50 / 50 = $0.21
UC384X (x=2:5) SMPS Controller $15 / 50 = $1.50


Power Regulation

Part Name Cost Notes
LM317 Linear reg. $1.30 / 10
LM78xx Linear reg. $1.30 / 10 The xx is the voltage; 05,06,08,10,12,15,18,24
LM2575T LM2576T Switching reg. $3.00 / 10 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A
LM723 Voltage and current regulator $6.50 / 10 found here
LM2596T Switching reg. $3.00 / 10 Similar to above, I think the switching is slower
MC34063 Boost Buck Switching reg $2.40 / 50 40v 1.5A
LM336 2.5V precision reference $1.88 / 10 Up to 10mA. ± 1%
eFuse From here
TL431 Adjustable voltage reference $5.28 / 50 From here

Microcontrollers

Name Cost I/O Flash Speed Peripherals Notes
ATTINY85 $1.23 6 8K 20MHz 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
ATTINY2313 $1 16 8K 20MHz 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
ATMEGA8 90¢ 23 8K 16MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
ATMEGA328P $16/10 23 32K 20MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Used on Arduino Uno and Pro
ATmega2560 $4 23 32K 20MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Used on Arduino Mega, no dips, try TQFP + dip adapter
Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP) $3 ~36 32K 40MHz all the things not clear if it's 8 or 32 bit. Dev boards for $3.
Z80 $1.5 well... they've been around forever
PIC (PIC16F630) $1 ~12 ~2K 20MHz
STM32 "Blue Pill" $2 ~20 64K 216MHz 32 bit

Packages

Name Description
DIP dual in-line pin, pins are 1/10" apart, 1/4" wide
QFP Quad Flat Pack
SOP Small Outline Integrated Circuit

ADC

  • MCP3008: 8 channel 10 bit, SPI
  • TLC0820: 8 bit parallel out
  • ADS1213: 24 bit 4-ch mux
  • ADS1xxx: Delta-Sigma
    • ADS1213: 24-bit 4-ch mux
    • ADS1256: $16 (breakout board) 24bit 8-ch looks good
    • ADS1115: $7 16bit 4-ch

Modules

Name Cost Description
ESP8622 $2 Wifi module
HC-06 $4 Bluetooth module
8Ω Speaker $2 -
IR Avoidance $1 Detects nearby objects
HC-SR501 IR Motion $0.85 Detects movement, good for activating lights
CH340G $1 USB to Serial bridge
433MHz Transmitter & Receiver $1 -
LoRa tranceiver $4 -
Peltier Cooler $2.25 They take 60W so, needs a lot of power.
HC-SR04 $1.50 Ultra sonic distance module
L9110S $1 Dual H-bridge 12v 800mA
L298N $3 Dual H-bridge 35v 2A 25W
15A Dual H-bridge $13 Dual H-bridge 36v 15A
DS3231 $0.75 Real time clock with alarm and temperature
PCA9685 $2.50 16ch servo motor controller
MPU-6050 $1.00 Inertial Measurement Unit (gyroscope+accelerometer)

LCD

Name Cost Description
16x2 HD44780 LCD $2 Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver
20x4 HD44780 LCD $5.50 About the same per char as above (a little more)
84x48 2.4" 5110 $2.5 LCD Module (Nokia)
240x320 2.4" $7 LCD Module
320x480 3.5" $13 LCD Module
800x480 7" $35 LCD Module, these get complicated
0.96 Inch OLED $7 128x64 Yellow and Blue, very thin
PCF8574 $12/10 I2C Expansion Board


Power

Name Cost Description
Voltage Meter $2.00 3x7seg LED, generally wide ranges of voltages
Buck Module $2.74 (4-40v) → (1.3-37v) @ 2A; includes led panel. Found a 9A version for $5, no display.
Mini voltage regulator $6.50 / 10 There are several, typically around 20v → 17v (and anything below). Buck only. 2A:3A
Bread Board Supply $1 Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB
12V 1A Adapter $1.75 Wall wart
Micro Buck adapter $4.16 / 10 Switching buck regulator. In 4.75V-23V, Out 1V-17V, 1.8A, can handle bursts of 3A.
3.3V Step Up $10.37 / 5 ($2.07) Boosts a single 1.5V battery upto 3.3V. Good for Arduino Pro Mini.
DPS5020, DP20V2A, DP30V5A $18 - $30 Programmable power supply module. Step down, must provide dc power. See this.
USB C adapter $2.5 Can provide several voltages

Power Supplies

  • Switching
    • 12V 120W $12
    • 12V 360W $17
    • 24V 240W $15
  • ATX: ~$20 500W

Semiconductors

Part Cost Limit Part
PNP BJT (TO-92) $1.00 / 100 40v 200mA 2N3906
NPN BJT (TO-92) $1.00 / 100 60v 200mA 2N3904
PNP BJT (TO-220) $2.60 / 50 100v 3A https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/TI/TIP32C.pdf TIP32]
NPN BJT (TO-220) $2.6 / 50 60v 3A TIP31
PNP BJT (TO-3) $4.87 / 5 60v 10A MJ2955
NPN BJT (TO-3) $2.60 / 5 60v 15A 2N3055
N-chan MOSFET (TO-92) $6.70 / 100 60v 200mA 2N7000
P-chan MOSFET (TO-92) $14 / 50 45v 230mA BS250 Note cost compared to N-chan; no longer available
N-chan MOSFET (TO-220) $2.95 / 10 100v 9.7A IRF520N
P-cha MOSFET (TO-220) $2.38 / 10 100v 23A IRF9540
Diode $1.25 / 100 1000v 1A 1N4007
Zener Diode $4 / 50 1W For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits
Crystal Oscillator $1 / 10 16 MHz

The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.

LEDs

Part Cost Notes
5mm Single Color $4 / 100 Some color packs available
3mm Single Color $1.5 / 100 Some color packs available
Tri-Color 5mm $5 / 100 Some color packs available
1W LED $6 / 50 Super bright, needs driver $0.12/2
3W LED $8.93 / 100 Super bright, needs driver $0.058/W
Laser 650nm (red) 5mW $2 / 10 With copper module
Laser 1W 445nm (blue) $19 really needs a driver
Laser 2W 445nm (blue) $31 really needs a driver
Laser 3W 808nm (infrared) $60 super needs a driver
4-Digit 7 Segment $1 / 2 There's a driver IC

Packages

Name Description
TO-92 Small black, semi circle, 3 leads from the bottom
TO-3 metal can, good for heat dissipation, cheap heat-sinks, shaped like a rounded diamond about 1"x1.5", leads are .43" apart
TO-220 metal tab heatsink
5mm Common LED package

TO stands for transistor-outline.

Sensors

Part Cost Notes
Temperature sensor $3 / 5 TO-92, -67F:257F
Photoresistor $1 / 20
Phototransistor $5 / 100 IR, faster response than a photoresistor
Capacitive Electret Microphone $1 / 10 needs a driver
Ultrasonic module $1
Strain sensors
Weight sensor

Switches and buttons

Part Cost Notes
Rotary Switch $2 : $5 Lots of variety
2P2T Rocker Switch $3 / 10 Lots of variety
Illuminated Rocker Switch $2 / 5 Most take 12v for power.
Momentary push button switch $0.15 - $5
Rotary Encoder $5 / 10 Needs a knob.
Magnetic switch $1

Magnetics

Part Type Cost VA Notes
22mm toroid $1.60 / 5
EE42 2xE $8
Rm8 Bobbin core $6.50 / 5
UY1658 2x U $24 / 5

Powdered Fe3O4 can be had for $1.30/lb on ebay.

Motors

Part Type Cost Torque
RS550 DC 12-20V ~70W $6
RS775 DC 12-20V ~300W $14
5mm Shaft Coupler $3
9g SG90 Servo Plastic servo $20/10
9g MG90 Servo SG90 upgrade, metal gears, more torque $25/10
Small drill chuck $8

Linear Components

Resistors

Resistors are typically 1/4W. The cost for these is negligible, assortment packages typically come in around 0.6¢ per resistor. To handle higher wattage, they can be used in parallel.

Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.

Wattages

  • brown 3/8" : 1W
  • blue 3/16" : 1/4w

Capacitors

Electrolytic up to 220uF are very cheap (2.8¢) and available in assortment packs. Up to 2200uf is still pretty cheap, 7.5¢ with a 1000uF@10v cap coming in around 5.6¢. Beyond this, the goes up rapidly for either additional capacitance or voltage with a 2200uF@25v around 50¢.

Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).

Supercaps seem to vary wildly. There's a 5.5V 4F one that's pretty common, with a small buck/boost module (with low dropout) that can provide a small amount of current for a long time.

Inductors

Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.

Fuses

Pico fuses are pretty cheap. About $0.20 a piece. Learned the hard way after blowing my new breadboard supply.

Connectors

Description Cost Notes
Banana Plug $3.94 / 20
Spring Terminal $1 / 2-terminal-block These come in a wide range of sizes
PCB Terminal Blocks $5.75 / 50x 2-terminal-block Also come in a variety of sizes.
5.5x2.1mm DC socket $1.89 / 10
0.1" Headers Breakable Male 50x40-pin $8.75 For not much more, these come in colors
0.1" Headers Female (not breakable) 10x40-pin $1.18
Swiss Machine Pin 12x40-pin $5.70 0.1" Headers Breakable Female "Single Row Round Female Pin Header"
USB A PCB socket $4 / 10
3.5mm Socket $2 / 10
cable transition connector $4.90 / 25 Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins
DIP sockets $1 / 10 Easily swap out IC chips, good for programming microcontrollers
Micro USB $3.15 / 10 This includes a small board, the raw socket is cheaper, it's smd.
Dupont ~$0.05 (requires multiple parts) These look really nice, what I've been looking for.
KF2510 2.15/50 Enforces connection in only one direction, could be good for integrating power into connections.


Swiss Machine Pins are good for IC sockets and can accept 22-24 AWG solid core and hold fairly solidly.

Cables

Name Wires Cost Notes
Cat5 4x twisted pairs $10 / 150' very long lengths are cheaper per ft ($50/1000')
1.27mm Pitch Ribbon Cable 4, 8, 10, 16, 26, 40 around $1/3' Uses special connectors

Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets.

Also, network cables aren't a bad choice, pre-made 0.5ft cables are about $0.60 and that gets us 8 wires.

Wire

Type Cost Notes
22 AWG Solid Core $10.35 / 100' breadboards and prototyping, works well with Swiss machine pins
24 AWG Solid Core $23.80 / 250' prototyping, maybe breadboards
26 AWG Tinned Copper Wire $8.75 / 100' good for perf boards

Circuit Boards

Description Cost Source Cost
Copper Clad Board 36 x 4"x6" $22 2.5¢ insq
Ferric Chloride 4 oz dry / 1L wet $11
Perf Board 10 7x5cm $1.28 2.5¢ insq
Bread Board Standard Size $2.50
Shield Bread Board Sized for Arduino shields $2 / 5
Breakout Boards Convert smd to dip ~2¢

Dev Boards

Name Cost Details
RasPi 2 B $39 900MHz, 1G ram, HDMI, micro sd
RasPi 2 B+ $30 700MHz, 512M ram, HDMI, micro sd
RasPi 2 A+ $25 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd
Name Cost Details
Arduino Nano $2.21 14 IO (6PWM 8ADC) 16K 16MHz
Arduino Pro Mini $2.00 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Arduino UNO R3 $3.00 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Arduino Mega $6.80 54 IO (15PWM 16ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Teensy 3.6 $32.50 62 IO (22PWM 25ADC 2DAC) 1M Flash/4K EEPROM 180MHz 3.3V

Hardware

Name Cost Details
12mm Knob $2.50 / 10 Common size for pots, switches and rotary encoders.
Standoffs $2.20 / 50 M3 8mm
Standoff Screws $5.20 / 100 nylon M3 5mm
ABS Project Box $3.5 / 5 100x60x25mm (9.3x2.3x1")
Aluminum Project Box $9 / 5 100x100x50mm
ABS Sheet $0.024 / insq DIY box, weld with a soldering iron, almost as expensive as copper clad boards
Aluminum Sheet $0.07 / insq
Polypropylene Sheet $0.014 / insq
PVC Sheet $0.021 / insq
Hardboard $0.0017 / insq That's right, best by an order of magnitude. Homedepot, not eBay.

To Print

  • HD44780 char chart
  • equations (C, L ...)
  • page with many pinouts

Pending

UC3844
Flyback controller at ~$0.70

To Buy

Next Order

  • PCF8574
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