Parts (Electronics): Difference between revisions

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== IC ==
== IC ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Name || Cost || Notes
! Part || Name || Cost || Notes
Line 7: Line 6:
| Timer
| Timer
| $2.15 / 50
| $2.15 / 50
|
|-
|-
| LM741
| LM741
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier Op Amp]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier Op Amp]
| $1.20 / 10
| $1.65 / 10
| LM324 (quad) is about 20¢/pc but that's 5¢ per amp, so even at 2, that's better.
|-
| [http://www.paulanders.com/G5-LED/ver1/datablad.pdf LM8560]
| Alarm clock
| $1
| All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm.
|-
| TDA7000
| FM Radio
| $2
| All-in-one FM radio
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cd4051b.pdf CD4053]
| Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
| $1 / 10
|
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm386.pdf LM386N]
| Audio Amp
| $1 / 5
| Good for low power audio (1.25W)
|-
| [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General/COM-09622-MAX7219-MAX7221.pdf MAX7219CNG]
| 8 digit 7 segment display driver
| $3.70 / 10
| Look pretty cool!
|-
| [http://www.st.com/st-web-ui/static/active/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00000092.pdf L6219]
| Stepper Driver
| $5 / 5
| This one seems a little cheaper and more common.
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293.pdf L293]
| Stepper Driver
| $5 / 5
|
|-
| [http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/PCF8563.pdf PCF8563P ]
| Real time clock
| $1 / 2
|
|-
| [http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/74HC_HCT595.pdf 74HC595]
| Serial in shift register
| $2.20 / 25
|
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc165.pdf 74HC165N]
| Serial out shift register
| $7.70 / 50
|
|-
| Various
| SPI Flash
| $1.5
| Offer several MB of storage on a chip (~64).
|-
| various (HM62256, hm628128)
| SRAM chip
| ~$2
| Around 256KB
|-
| CD4040 / CD4060
| 12-bit counter
| $2 / 5
|
|-
| [https://www.elecrow.com/download/A3141-2-3-4-Datasheet.pdf A3144]
| Hall Effect Sensor Switch
| $2 / 5
| $1.60 / 10
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl494.pdf TL494]
| PWM Controller
| $3 / 10
|
|-
| [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/doc0180.pdf AT24C08A]
| 8KB EEPROM
| $10.50 / 50 = $0.21
|
|-
| [https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/149/uc3843-309322.pdf UC384X (x=2:5)]
| SMPS Controller
| $15 / 50 = $1.50
|
|}
 
 
=== Power Regulation ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Name || Cost || Notes
|-
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LM317 LM317]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LM317 LM317]
| Linear reg.
| Linear reg.
| $1.30 / 10
| $1.30 / 10
|
|-
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78xx LM78xx]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78xx LM78xx]
Line 25: Line 118:
| $3.00 / 10
| $3.00 / 10
| 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A
| 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm723.pdf LM723]
| Voltage and current regulator
| $6.50 / 10
| found [http://electronics-diy.com/30v-10a-variable-bench-power-supply.php here]
|-
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2596.pdf LM2596T]
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2596.pdf LM2596T]
Line 30: Line 128:
| $3.00 / 10
| $3.00 / 10
| Similar to above, I think the switching is slower
| Similar to above, I think the switching is slower
|-
| MC34063
| Boost Buck Switching reg
| $2.40 / 50
| 40v 1.5A
|-
| [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm136-2.5-n.pdf LM336]
| 2.5V precision reference
| $1.88 / 10
| Up to 10mA. ± 1%
|-
|
| eFuse
|
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOhQ3nsR7xo From here]
|-
| TL431
| Adjustable voltage reference
| $5.28 / 50
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NecbHbGAkkc From here]
|}
|}
For a switching regulator use LM2596T, for the 2000uF, use 2x1000uF, way more economical. And replace the 20uH with 22uH, also much cheaper (doesn't really look like any one produces 20uH). Using one of these comes out to around $0.70. Probably better to just get a micro module.


Microcontrollers
=== Microcontrollers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || I/O || Flash || Speed || Peripherals ||Notes
! Name || Cost || I/O || Flash || Speed || Peripherals ||Notes
|-
|-
| ATTINY85
| ATTINY85
| 60¢
| $1.23
| 6
| 6
| 8K
| 8K
| 20MHz
| 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
| 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
|-
| ATTINY2313
| $1
| 16
| 8K
| 20MHz
| 20MHz
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
| 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
|
|-
|-
| ATMEGA8
| ATMEGA8
Line 52: Line 177:
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
| Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
|-
| ATMEGA328P
| $16/10
| 23
| 32K
| 20MHz
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Used on Arduino Uno and Pro
|-
| [http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega2560.aspx ATmega2560]
| $4
| 23
| 32K
| 20MHz
| 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer
| Used on [https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega2560 Arduino Mega], no dips, try TQFP + dip adapter
|-
|-
| Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP)
| Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP)
Line 67: Line 208:
|  
|  
| well... they've been around forever
| well... they've been around forever
|
|-
|-
| PIC (PIC16F630)
| PIC (PIC16F630)
Line 73: Line 215:
| ~2K
| ~2K
| 20MHz
| 20MHz
|
|  
|  
|-
| STM32 "Blue Pill"
| $2
| ~20
| 64K
| 216MHz
|
| 32 bit
|}
|}


Packages
=== Packages ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Description
! Name || Description
Line 85: Line 236:
| QFP
| QFP
| Quad Flat Pack
| Quad Flat Pack
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Outline_Integrated_Circuit SOP]
| Small Outline Integrated Circuit
|}
|}
=== ADC ===
* MCP3008: 8 channel 10 bit, SPI
* TLC0820: 8 bit parallel out
* ADS1213: 24 bit 4-ch mux
* ADS1xxx: Delta-Sigma
** ADS1213: 24-bit 4-ch mux
** ADS1256: $16 (breakout board) 24bit 8-ch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjLwvXKz2x8 looks good]
** ADS1115: $7 16bit 4-ch


== Modules ==
== Modules ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
|-
| ESP8622
| $2
| Wifi module
|-
| HC-06
| $4
| Bluetooth module
|-
| 8Ω Speaker
| $2
| -
|-
| IR Avoidance
| $1
| Detects nearby objects
|-
| HC-SR501 IR Motion
| $0.85
| Detects movement, good for activating lights
|-
| CH340G
| $1
| USB to Serial bridge
|-
| 433MHz Transmitter & Receiver
| $1
| -
|-
| LoRa tranceiver
| $4
| -
|-
| Peltier Cooler
| $2.25
| They take 60W so, needs a lot of power.
|-
| HC-SR04
| $1.50
| Ultra sonic distance module
|-
| L9110S
| $1
| Dual H-bridge 12v 800mA
|-
| L298N
| $3
| Dual H-bridge 35v 2A 25W
|-
| 15A Dual H-bridge
| $13
| Dual H-bridge 36v 15A
|-
| [[DS3231]]
| $0.75
| Real time clock with alarm and temperature
|-
| [[PCA9685]]
| $2.50
| 16ch servo motor controller
|-
| MPU-6050
| $1.00
| [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCyRXMvVSCw Inertial Measurement Unit (gyroscope+accelerometer)]
|}
=== LCD ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
|-
| 16x2 [http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-drive-a-character-LCD-displays-using-DIP-sw/step2/HD44780-pinout/ HD44780] LCD
| $2
| Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver
|-
| 20x4 [http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-drive-a-character-LCD-displays-using-DIP-sw/step2/HD44780-pinout/ HD44780] LCD
| $5.50
| About the same per char as above (a little more)
|-
| 84x48 2.4" 5110
| $2.5
| LCD Module (Nokia)
|-
| 240x320 2.4"
| $7
| LCD Module
|-
| 320x480 3.5"
| $13
| LCD Module
|-
| 800x480 7"
| $35
| LCD Module, these get complicated
|-
| 0.96 Inch OLED
| $7
| 128x64 Yellow and Blue, very thin
|-
| PCF8574
| $12/10
| I2C Expansion Board
|}
=== Power ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Description
! Name || Cost || Description
Line 107: Line 380:
| Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB
| Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB
|-
|-
| 16x2 HD44780 LCD
| 12V 1A Adapter
| $2
| $1.75
| Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver
| Wall wart
|-
|-
| ESP8622
| [http://www.ebay.com/itm/191773734744 Micro Buck adapter]
| $2
| $4.16 / 10
| Wifi module
| Switching buck regulator. In 4.75V-23V, Out 1V-17V, 1.8A, can handle bursts of 3A.
|-
|-
| HC-06
| [http://www.ebay.com/itm/122300185723?_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649&ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT 3.3V Step Up]
| $4
| $10.37 / 5 ($2.07)
| Bluetooth module
| Boosts a single 1.5V battery upto 3.3V. Good for Arduino Pro Mini.
|-
|-
| 8Ω Speaker
| DPS5020, DP20V2A, DP30V5A
| $2
| $18 - $30
| Programmable power supply module. Step down, must provide dc power. See [https://github.com/kanflo/opendps this].
|-
|-
| IR Avoidance
| USB C adapter
| $1
| $2.5
| Detects nearby objects
| Can provide several voltages
|}
|}
Power Supplies
* Switching
** 12V 120W $12
** 12V 360W $17
** 24V 240W $15
* ATX: ~$20 500W


== Semiconductors ==
== Semiconductors ==
Line 132: Line 413:
|-
|-
| PNP BJT (TO-92)
| PNP BJT (TO-92)
| $1.43 / 100
| $1.00 / 100
| 40v 200mA  
| 40v 200mA  
| [https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/2n/2n3906.pdf 2N3906]
| [https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/2n/2n3906.pdf 2N3906]
|-
|-
| NPN BJT (TO-92)
| NPN BJT (TO-92)
| $1.20 / 100
| $1.00 / 100
| 60v 200mA
| 60v 200mA
| [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/2N3904.pdf 2N3904]
| [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/2N3904.pdf 2N3904]
Line 162: Line 443:
|-
|-
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-92)
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-92)
| $2.01 / 50
| $6.70 / 100
| 60v 200mA  
| 60v 200mA  
| 2N7000
| [https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/2N7000-D.PDF 2N7000]
|-
|-
| P-cha MOSFET (TO-92)
| P-chan MOSFET (TO-92)
| $14 / 50
| $14 / 50
| 45v 230mA  
| 45v 230mA  
| [http://www.diodes.com/_files/datasheets/BS250P.pdf BS250] Note cost compared to N-chan
| [http://www.diodes.com/_files/datasheets/BS250P.pdf BS250] Note cost compared to N-chan; no longer available
|-
|-
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-220)
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-220)
Line 190: Line 471:
| 1W  
| 1W  
| For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits
| For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits
|-
| Crystal Oscillator
| $1 / 10
|
| 16 MHz
|}
|}


The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.
The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.


LEDs
=== LEDs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Cost || Notes
! Part || Cost || Notes
Line 211: Line 497:
|-
|-
| 1W LED
| 1W LED
| $8 / 50
| $6 / 50
| Super bright, needs driver
| Super bright, needs driver $0.12/2
|-
| 3W LED
| $8.93 / 100
| Super bright, needs driver $0.058/W
|-
|-
| Laser 650nm (red) 5mW
| Laser 650nm (red) 5mW
Line 229: Line 519:
| $60
| $60
| super needs a driver
| super needs a driver
|-
| 4-Digit 7 Segment
| $1 / 2
| There's a driver IC
|}
|}


Packages
=== Packages ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Description
! Name || Description
Line 260: Line 554:
| Photoresistor
| Photoresistor
| $1 / 20
| $1 / 20
|
|-
|-
| Phototransistor
| Phototransistor
Line 271: Line 566:
| Ultrasonic module
| Ultrasonic module
| $1
| $1
|
|-
|-
| Strain sensors
| Strain sensors
|
|
|-
|-
| Weight sensor
| Weight sensor
|
|
|}
|}


Line 295: Line 595:
| Momentary push button switch
| Momentary push button switch
| $0.15 - $5
| $0.15 - $5
|
|-
|-
| Rotary Encoder
| Rotary Encoder
| $5 / 10
| $5 / 10
| Needs a knob.
| Needs a knob.
|-
| Magnetic switch
| $1
|
|}
== Magnetics ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Type || Cost || VA || Notes
|-
|
| 22mm toroid
| $1.60 / 5
|
|
|-
| EE42
| 2xE
| $8
|
|
|-
| Rm8
| Bobbin core
| $6.50 / 5
|
|
|-
| UY1658
| 2x U
| $24 / 5
|
|
|}
Powdered Fe3O4 can be had for $1.30/lb on ebay.
== Motors ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Part || Type || Cost || Torque
|-
| RS550
| DC 12-20V ~70W
| $6
|
|-
| RS775
| DC 12-20V ~300W
| $14
|
|-
| 5mm Shaft Coupler
|
| $3
|
|-
| 9g SG90 Servo
| Plastic servo
| $20/10
|
|-
| 9g MG90 Servo
| SG90 upgrade, metal gears, more torque
| $25/10
|
|-
| Small drill chuck
|
| $8
|
|}
|}


Line 306: Line 678:


Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.
Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.
Wattages
* brown 3/8" : 1W
* blue 3/16" : 1/4w


=== Capacitors ===
=== Capacitors ===
Line 311: Line 687:


Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).
Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).
Supercaps seem to vary wildly. There's a 5.5V 4F one that's pretty common, with a small buck/boost module (with low dropout) that can provide a small amount of current for a long time.


=== Inductors ===
=== Inductors ===
Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.
Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.
=== Fuses ===
Pico fuses are pretty cheap. About $0.20 a piece. Learned the hard way after blowing my new breadboard supply.


== Connectors ==
== Connectors ==
Line 321: Line 702:
| Banana Plug
| Banana Plug
| $3.94 / 20
| $3.94 / 20
|
|-
|-
| Spring Terminal
| Spring Terminal
Line 332: Line 714:
| 5.5x2.1mm DC socket
| 5.5x2.1mm DC socket
| $1.89 / 10
| $1.89 / 10
|
|-
|-
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Male
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Male
Line 339: Line 722:
| 0.1" Headers Female (not breakable)
| 0.1" Headers Female (not breakable)
| 10x40-pin $1.18
| 10x40-pin $1.18
|
|-
|-
| Swiss Machine Pin
| Swiss Machine Pin
| 12x40-pin $5.70
| 12x40-pin $5.70
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Female
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Female "Single Row Round Female Pin Header"
|-
|-
| USB A PCB socket
| USB A PCB socket
| $4 / 10
| $4 / 10
|
|-
|-
| 3.5mm Socket
| 3.5mm Socket
| $2 / 10
| $2 / 10
|
|-
|-
| cable transition connector
| cable transition connector
| $4.90 / 25
| $4.90 / 25
| Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins
| Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins
|-
| DIP sockets
| $1 / 10
| Easily swap out IC chips, good for programming microcontrollers
|-
| Micro USB
| $3.15 / 10
| This includes a small board, the raw socket is cheaper, it's smd.
|-
| Dupont
| ~$0.05 (requires multiple parts)
| These look really nice, what I've been looking for.
|-
| KF2510
| 2.15/50
| Enforces connection in only one direction, could be good for integrating power into connections.
|}
|}
Swiss Machine Pins are good for IC sockets and can accept 22-24 AWG solid core and hold fairly solidly.


Cables
Cables
Line 370: Line 776:
|}
|}


Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets. A
Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets.
 
Also, network cables aren't a bad choice, pre-made 0.5ft cables are about $0.60 and that gets us 8 wires.
 
Wire
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Type || Cost || Notes
|-
| 22 AWG Solid Core
| $10.35 / 100'
| breadboards and prototyping, works well with Swiss machine pins
|-
| 24 AWG Solid Core
| $23.80 / 250'
| prototyping, maybe breadboards
|-
| 26 AWG Tinned Copper Wire
| $8.75 / 100'
| good for perf boards
|}


== Circuit Boards ==
== Circuit Boards ==
Line 385: Line 810:
|-
|-
| Perf Board
| Perf Board
| 10 7x5cm $5.25
| 10 7x5cm $1.28
| 9.5¢ insq
| 2.5¢ insq
|-
|-
| Bread Board
| Bread Board
Line 395: Line 820:
| Sized for Arduino shields
| Sized for Arduino shields
| $2 / 5
| $2 / 5
|-
| Breakout Boards
| Convert smd to dip
| ~2¢
|}
|}


Line 413: Line 842:
| 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd
| 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Details
|-
| Arduino Nano
| $2.21
| 14 IO (6PWM 8ADC) 16K 16MHz
|-
| Arduino Pro Mini
| $2.00
| 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Arduino UNO R3
| $3.00
| 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Arduino Mega
| $6.80
| 54 IO (15PWM 16ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
|-
| Teensy 3.6
| $32.50
| 62 IO (22PWM 25ADC 2DAC) 1M Flash/4K EEPROM 180MHz 3.3V
|}
== Hardware ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! Name || Cost || Details
|-
| 12mm Knob
| $2.50 / 10
| Common size for pots, switches and rotary encoders.
|-
| Standoffs
| $2.20 / 50
| M3 8mm
|-
| Standoff Screws
| $5.20 / 100
| nylon M3 5mm
|-
| ABS Project Box
| $3.5 / 5
| 100x60x25mm (9.3x2.3x1")
|-
| Aluminum Project Box
| $9 / 5
| 100x100x50mm
|-
| ABS Sheet
| $0.024 / insq
| DIY box, weld with a soldering iron, almost as expensive as copper clad boards
|-
| Aluminum Sheet
| $0.07 / insq
|
|-
| Polypropylene Sheet
| $0.014 / insq
|
|-
| PVC Sheet
| $0.021 / insq
|
|-
| Hardboard
| $0.0017 / insq
| That's right, best by an order of magnitude. Homedepot, not eBay.
|}
== To Print ==
* HD44780 char chart
* equations (C, L ...)
* page with many pinouts
[[Category:Electronics]]
== Pending ==
; UC3844
: Flyback controller at ~$0.70
== To Buy ==
Next Order
* PCF8574

Latest revision as of 19:58, 21 January 2022

IC

Part Name Cost Notes
555/556 Timer $2.15 / 50
LM741 Op Amp $1.65 / 10 LM324 (quad) is about 20¢/pc but that's 5¢ per amp, so even at 2, that's better.
LM8560 Alarm clock $1 All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm.
TDA7000 FM Radio $2 All-in-one FM radio
CD4053 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer $1 / 10
LM386N Audio Amp $1 / 5 Good for low power audio (1.25W)
MAX7219CNG 8 digit 7 segment display driver $3.70 / 10 Look pretty cool!
L6219 Stepper Driver $5 / 5 This one seems a little cheaper and more common.
L293 Stepper Driver $5 / 5
PCF8563P Real time clock $1 / 2
74HC595 Serial in shift register $2.20 / 25
74HC165N Serial out shift register $7.70 / 50
Various SPI Flash $1.5 Offer several MB of storage on a chip (~64).
various (HM62256, hm628128) SRAM chip ~$2 Around 256KB
CD4040 / CD4060 12-bit counter $2 / 5
A3144 Hall Effect Sensor Switch $2 / 5 $1.60 / 10
TL494 PWM Controller $3 / 10
AT24C08A 8KB EEPROM $10.50 / 50 = $0.21
UC384X (x=2:5) SMPS Controller $15 / 50 = $1.50


Power Regulation

Part Name Cost Notes
LM317 Linear reg. $1.30 / 10
LM78xx Linear reg. $1.30 / 10 The xx is the voltage; 05,06,08,10,12,15,18,24
LM2575T LM2576T Switching reg. $3.00 / 10 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A
LM723 Voltage and current regulator $6.50 / 10 found here
LM2596T Switching reg. $3.00 / 10 Similar to above, I think the switching is slower
MC34063 Boost Buck Switching reg $2.40 / 50 40v 1.5A
LM336 2.5V precision reference $1.88 / 10 Up to 10mA. ± 1%
eFuse From here
TL431 Adjustable voltage reference $5.28 / 50 From here

Microcontrollers

Name Cost I/O Flash Speed Peripherals Notes
ATTINY85 $1.23 6 8K 20MHz 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
ATTINY2313 $1 16 8K 20MHz 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc
ATMEGA8 90¢ 23 8K 16MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Small dev boards are available for around $1.75
ATMEGA328P $16/10 23 32K 20MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Used on Arduino Uno and Pro
ATmega2560 $4 23 32K 20MHz 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer Used on Arduino Mega, no dips, try TQFP + dip adapter
Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP) $3 ~36 32K 40MHz all the things not clear if it's 8 or 32 bit. Dev boards for $3.
Z80 $1.5 well... they've been around forever
PIC (PIC16F630) $1 ~12 ~2K 20MHz
STM32 "Blue Pill" $2 ~20 64K 216MHz 32 bit

Packages

Name Description
DIP dual in-line pin, pins are 1/10" apart, 1/4" wide
QFP Quad Flat Pack
SOP Small Outline Integrated Circuit

ADC

  • MCP3008: 8 channel 10 bit, SPI
  • TLC0820: 8 bit parallel out
  • ADS1213: 24 bit 4-ch mux
  • ADS1xxx: Delta-Sigma
    • ADS1213: 24-bit 4-ch mux
    • ADS1256: $16 (breakout board) 24bit 8-ch looks good
    • ADS1115: $7 16bit 4-ch

Modules

Name Cost Description
ESP8622 $2 Wifi module
HC-06 $4 Bluetooth module
8Ω Speaker $2 -
IR Avoidance $1 Detects nearby objects
HC-SR501 IR Motion $0.85 Detects movement, good for activating lights
CH340G $1 USB to Serial bridge
433MHz Transmitter & Receiver $1 -
LoRa tranceiver $4 -
Peltier Cooler $2.25 They take 60W so, needs a lot of power.
HC-SR04 $1.50 Ultra sonic distance module
L9110S $1 Dual H-bridge 12v 800mA
L298N $3 Dual H-bridge 35v 2A 25W
15A Dual H-bridge $13 Dual H-bridge 36v 15A
DS3231 $0.75 Real time clock with alarm and temperature
PCA9685 $2.50 16ch servo motor controller
MPU-6050 $1.00 Inertial Measurement Unit (gyroscope+accelerometer)

LCD

Name Cost Description
16x2 HD44780 LCD $2 Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver
20x4 HD44780 LCD $5.50 About the same per char as above (a little more)
84x48 2.4" 5110 $2.5 LCD Module (Nokia)
240x320 2.4" $7 LCD Module
320x480 3.5" $13 LCD Module
800x480 7" $35 LCD Module, these get complicated
0.96 Inch OLED $7 128x64 Yellow and Blue, very thin
PCF8574 $12/10 I2C Expansion Board


Power

Name Cost Description
Voltage Meter $2.00 3x7seg LED, generally wide ranges of voltages
Buck Module $2.74 (4-40v) → (1.3-37v) @ 2A; includes led panel. Found a 9A version for $5, no display.
Mini voltage regulator $6.50 / 10 There are several, typically around 20v → 17v (and anything below). Buck only. 2A:3A
Bread Board Supply $1 Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB
12V 1A Adapter $1.75 Wall wart
Micro Buck adapter $4.16 / 10 Switching buck regulator. In 4.75V-23V, Out 1V-17V, 1.8A, can handle bursts of 3A.
3.3V Step Up $10.37 / 5 ($2.07) Boosts a single 1.5V battery upto 3.3V. Good for Arduino Pro Mini.
DPS5020, DP20V2A, DP30V5A $18 - $30 Programmable power supply module. Step down, must provide dc power. See this.
USB C adapter $2.5 Can provide several voltages

Power Supplies

  • Switching
    • 12V 120W $12
    • 12V 360W $17
    • 24V 240W $15
  • ATX: ~$20 500W

Semiconductors

Part Cost Limit Part
PNP BJT (TO-92) $1.00 / 100 40v 200mA 2N3906
NPN BJT (TO-92) $1.00 / 100 60v 200mA 2N3904
PNP BJT (TO-220) $2.60 / 50 100v 3A https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/TI/TIP32C.pdf TIP32]
NPN BJT (TO-220) $2.6 / 50 60v 3A TIP31
PNP BJT (TO-3) $4.87 / 5 60v 10A MJ2955
NPN BJT (TO-3) $2.60 / 5 60v 15A 2N3055
N-chan MOSFET (TO-92) $6.70 / 100 60v 200mA 2N7000
P-chan MOSFET (TO-92) $14 / 50 45v 230mA BS250 Note cost compared to N-chan; no longer available
N-chan MOSFET (TO-220) $2.95 / 10 100v 9.7A IRF520N
P-cha MOSFET (TO-220) $2.38 / 10 100v 23A IRF9540
Diode $1.25 / 100 1000v 1A 1N4007
Zener Diode $4 / 50 1W For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits
Crystal Oscillator $1 / 10 16 MHz

The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.

LEDs

Part Cost Notes
5mm Single Color $4 / 100 Some color packs available
3mm Single Color $1.5 / 100 Some color packs available
Tri-Color 5mm $5 / 100 Some color packs available
1W LED $6 / 50 Super bright, needs driver $0.12/2
3W LED $8.93 / 100 Super bright, needs driver $0.058/W
Laser 650nm (red) 5mW $2 / 10 With copper module
Laser 1W 445nm (blue) $19 really needs a driver
Laser 2W 445nm (blue) $31 really needs a driver
Laser 3W 808nm (infrared) $60 super needs a driver
4-Digit 7 Segment $1 / 2 There's a driver IC

Packages

Name Description
TO-92 Small black, semi circle, 3 leads from the bottom
TO-3 metal can, good for heat dissipation, cheap heat-sinks, shaped like a rounded diamond about 1"x1.5", leads are .43" apart
TO-220 metal tab heatsink
5mm Common LED package

TO stands for transistor-outline.

Sensors

Part Cost Notes
Temperature sensor $3 / 5 TO-92, -67F:257F
Photoresistor $1 / 20
Phototransistor $5 / 100 IR, faster response than a photoresistor
Capacitive Electret Microphone $1 / 10 needs a driver
Ultrasonic module $1
Strain sensors
Weight sensor

Switches and buttons

Part Cost Notes
Rotary Switch $2 : $5 Lots of variety
2P2T Rocker Switch $3 / 10 Lots of variety
Illuminated Rocker Switch $2 / 5 Most take 12v for power.
Momentary push button switch $0.15 - $5
Rotary Encoder $5 / 10 Needs a knob.
Magnetic switch $1

Magnetics

Part Type Cost VA Notes
22mm toroid $1.60 / 5
EE42 2xE $8
Rm8 Bobbin core $6.50 / 5
UY1658 2x U $24 / 5

Powdered Fe3O4 can be had for $1.30/lb on ebay.

Motors

Part Type Cost Torque
RS550 DC 12-20V ~70W $6
RS775 DC 12-20V ~300W $14
5mm Shaft Coupler $3
9g SG90 Servo Plastic servo $20/10
9g MG90 Servo SG90 upgrade, metal gears, more torque $25/10
Small drill chuck $8

Linear Components

Resistors

Resistors are typically 1/4W. The cost for these is negligible, assortment packages typically come in around 0.6¢ per resistor. To handle higher wattage, they can be used in parallel.

Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.

Wattages

  • brown 3/8" : 1W
  • blue 3/16" : 1/4w

Capacitors

Electrolytic up to 220uF are very cheap (2.8¢) and available in assortment packs. Up to 2200uf is still pretty cheap, 7.5¢ with a 1000uF@10v cap coming in around 5.6¢. Beyond this, the goes up rapidly for either additional capacitance or voltage with a 2200uF@25v around 50¢.

Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).

Supercaps seem to vary wildly. There's a 5.5V 4F one that's pretty common, with a small buck/boost module (with low dropout) that can provide a small amount of current for a long time.

Inductors

Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.

Fuses

Pico fuses are pretty cheap. About $0.20 a piece. Learned the hard way after blowing my new breadboard supply.

Connectors

Description Cost Notes
Banana Plug $3.94 / 20
Spring Terminal $1 / 2-terminal-block These come in a wide range of sizes
PCB Terminal Blocks $5.75 / 50x 2-terminal-block Also come in a variety of sizes.
5.5x2.1mm DC socket $1.89 / 10
0.1" Headers Breakable Male 50x40-pin $8.75 For not much more, these come in colors
0.1" Headers Female (not breakable) 10x40-pin $1.18
Swiss Machine Pin 12x40-pin $5.70 0.1" Headers Breakable Female "Single Row Round Female Pin Header"
USB A PCB socket $4 / 10
3.5mm Socket $2 / 10
cable transition connector $4.90 / 25 Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins
DIP sockets $1 / 10 Easily swap out IC chips, good for programming microcontrollers
Micro USB $3.15 / 10 This includes a small board, the raw socket is cheaper, it's smd.
Dupont ~$0.05 (requires multiple parts) These look really nice, what I've been looking for.
KF2510 2.15/50 Enforces connection in only one direction, could be good for integrating power into connections.


Swiss Machine Pins are good for IC sockets and can accept 22-24 AWG solid core and hold fairly solidly.

Cables

Name Wires Cost Notes
Cat5 4x twisted pairs $10 / 150' very long lengths are cheaper per ft ($50/1000')
1.27mm Pitch Ribbon Cable 4, 8, 10, 16, 26, 40 around $1/3' Uses special connectors

Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets.

Also, network cables aren't a bad choice, pre-made 0.5ft cables are about $0.60 and that gets us 8 wires.

Wire

Type Cost Notes
22 AWG Solid Core $10.35 / 100' breadboards and prototyping, works well with Swiss machine pins
24 AWG Solid Core $23.80 / 250' prototyping, maybe breadboards
26 AWG Tinned Copper Wire $8.75 / 100' good for perf boards

Circuit Boards

Description Cost Source Cost
Copper Clad Board 36 x 4"x6" $22 2.5¢ insq
Ferric Chloride 4 oz dry / 1L wet $11
Perf Board 10 7x5cm $1.28 2.5¢ insq
Bread Board Standard Size $2.50
Shield Bread Board Sized for Arduino shields $2 / 5
Breakout Boards Convert smd to dip ~2¢

Dev Boards

Name Cost Details
RasPi 2 B $39 900MHz, 1G ram, HDMI, micro sd
RasPi 2 B+ $30 700MHz, 512M ram, HDMI, micro sd
RasPi 2 A+ $25 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd
Name Cost Details
Arduino Nano $2.21 14 IO (6PWM 8ADC) 16K 16MHz
Arduino Pro Mini $2.00 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Arduino UNO R3 $3.00 14 IO (6PWM 6ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Arduino Mega $6.80 54 IO (15PWM 16ADC) 16K 5V/16MHz or 3.3V/8MHz
Teensy 3.6 $32.50 62 IO (22PWM 25ADC 2DAC) 1M Flash/4K EEPROM 180MHz 3.3V

Hardware

Name Cost Details
12mm Knob $2.50 / 10 Common size for pots, switches and rotary encoders.
Standoffs $2.20 / 50 M3 8mm
Standoff Screws $5.20 / 100 nylon M3 5mm
ABS Project Box $3.5 / 5 100x60x25mm (9.3x2.3x1")
Aluminum Project Box $9 / 5 100x100x50mm
ABS Sheet $0.024 / insq DIY box, weld with a soldering iron, almost as expensive as copper clad boards
Aluminum Sheet $0.07 / insq
Polypropylene Sheet $0.014 / insq
PVC Sheet $0.021 / insq
Hardboard $0.0017 / insq That's right, best by an order of magnitude. Homedepot, not eBay.

To Print

  • HD44780 char chart
  • equations (C, L ...)
  • page with many pinouts

Pending

UC3844
Flyback controller at ~$0.70

To Buy

Next Order

  • PCF8574
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