AVR

I want to get good at using these, they're very cheap and well supported.

• Use Arduino bootloader off board
• Use Arduino board to load raw C

USB

This is confusing.

• V-USB
• USBasp

AVR is only fast enough for low-speed USB.

I need to understand the USB to serial adapters better. For some projects, I will want HID, not for the device to register as a Serial port.

http://hackaday.com/2012/02/09/learning-to-use-the-v-usb-avr-usb-firmware-library/

SD

To make lots of data available to the chip.

Arduino ISP

• https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ArduinoISP
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZL-YNOH_jA