Parts (Electronics)
IC
| Part | Name | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 555/556 | Timer | $2.15 / 50 | |
| LM741 | Op Amp | $1.20 / 10 | |
| LM317 | Linear reg. | $1.30 / 10 | |
| LM78xx | Linear reg. | $1.30 / 10 | The xx is the voltage; 05,06,08,10,12,15,18,24 |
| LM2575T LM2576T | Switching reg. | $3.00 / 10 | 2575 = 1A ; 2576 = 3A |
| LM2596T | Switching reg. | $3.00 / 10 | Similar to above, I think the switching is slower |
| LM8560 | Alarm clock | $1 | All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm. |
| CD4053 | Multiplexer/Demultiplexer | $1 / 10 | All-in-one alarm clock; LED driver, time, alarm. |
| LM386N | Audio Amp | $1 / 5 | Good for low power audio (1.25W) |
| MAX7219CNG | 8 digit 7 segment display driver | $3.70 / 10 | Look pretty cool! |
For a switching regulator use LM2596T, for the 2000uF, use 2x1000uF, way more economical. And replace the 20uH with 22uH, also much cheaper (doesn't really look like any one produces 20uH). Using one of these comes out to around $0.70. Probably better to just get a micro module.
Microcontrollers
| Name | Cost | I/O | Flash | Speed | Peripherals | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATTINY85 | 60¢ | 6 | 8K | 2pwm, 2-8 timer, 1adc | 20MHz | Small dev boards are available for around $1.75 |
| ATMEGA8 | 90¢ | 23 | 8K | 16MHz | 3pwm, 2adc, 2-8/1-16 timer | Small dev boards are available for around $1.75 |
| Cortex M3 (SM8958AC25PP) | $3 | ~36 | 32K | 40MHz | all the things | not clear if it's 8 or 32 bit. Dev boards for $3. |
| Z80 | $1.5 | well... they've been around forever | ||||
| PIC (PIC16F630) | $1 | ~12 | ~2K | 20MHz |
Packages
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| DIP | dual in-line pin, pins are 1/10" apart, 1/4" wide |
| QFP | Quad Flat Pack |
Modules
| Name | Cost | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage Meter | $2.00 | 3x7seg LED, generally wide ranges of voltages |
| Buck Module | $2.74 | (4-40v) → (1.3-37v) @ 2A; includes led panel. Found a 9A version for $5, no display. |
| Mini voltage regulator | $6.50 / 10 | There are several, typically around 20v → 17v (and anything below). Buck only. 2A:3A |
| Bread Board Supply | $1 | Nice little package that plugs into a bread board and supplies either 3.3v or 5v. Takes 6.5v-12V through 5.5mm or USB |
| 16x2 HD44780 LCD | $2 | Displays a wide range of characters, standard driver |
| ESP8622 | $2 | Wifi module |
| HC-06 | $4 | Bluetooth module |
| 8Ω Speaker | $2 | |
| IR Avoidance | $1 | Detects nearby objects |
Semiconductors
| Part | Cost | Limit | Part |
|---|---|---|---|
| PNP BJT (TO-92) | $1.43 / 100 | 40v 200mA | 2N3906 |
| NPN BJT (TO-92) | $1.20 / 100 | 60v 200mA | 2N3904 |
| PNP BJT (TO-220) | $2.60 / 50 | 100v 3A | https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/TI/TIP32C.pdf TIP32] |
| NPN BJT (TO-220) | $2.6 / 50 | 60v 3A | TIP31 |
| PNP BJT (TO-3) | $4.87 / 5 | 60v 10A | MJ2955 |
| NPN BJT (TO-3) | $2.60 / 5 | 60v 15A | 2N3055 |
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-92) | $2.01 / 50 | 60v 200mA | 2N7000 |
| P-cha MOSFET (TO-92) | $14 / 50 | 45v 230mA | BS250 Note cost compared to N-chan |
| N-chan MOSFET (TO-220) | $2.95 / 10 | 100v 9.7A | IRF520N |
| P-cha MOSFET (TO-220) | $2.38 / 10 | 100v 23A | IRF9540 |
| Diode | $1.25 / 100 | 1000v 1A | 1N4007 |
| Zener Diode | $4 / 50 | 1W | For zener=12v, but there are assortment kits |
The TO-220 transistors are often sold in PNP/NPN pairs.
LEDs
| Part | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 5mm Single Color | $4 / 100 | Some color packs available |
| 3mm Single Color | $1.5 / 100 | Some color packs available |
| Tri-Color 5mm | $5 / 100 | Some color packs available |
| 1W LED | $8 / 50 | Super bright, needs driver |
| Laser 650nm (red) 5mW | $2 / 10 | With copper module |
| Laser 1W 445nm (blue) | $19 | really needs a driver |
| Laser 2W 445nm (blue) | $31 | really needs a driver |
| Laser 3W 808nm (infrared) | $60 | super needs a driver |
| 4-Digit 7 Segment | $1 / 2 | There's a driver IC |
Packages
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| TO-92 | Small black, semi circle, 3 leads from the bottom |
| TO-3 | metal can, good for heat dissipation, cheap heat-sinks, shaped like a rounded diamond about 1"x1.5", leads are .43" apart |
| TO-220 | metal tab heatsink |
| 5mm | Common LED package |
TO stands for transistor-outline.
Sensors
| Part | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature sensor | $3 / 5 | TO-92, -67F:257F |
| Photoresistor | $1 / 20 | |
| Phototransistor | $5 / 100 | IR, faster response than a photoresistor |
| Capacitive Electret Microphone | $1 / 10 | needs a driver |
| Ultrasonic module | $1 | |
| Strain sensors | ||
| Weight sensor |
Switches and buttons
| Part | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Rotary Switch | $2 : $5 | Lots of variety |
| 2P2T Rocker Switch | $3 / 10 | Lots of variety |
| Illuminated Rocker Switch | $2 / 5 | Most take 12v for power. |
| Momentary push button switch | $0.15 - $5 | |
| Rotary Encoder | $5 / 10 | Needs a knob. |
Linear Components
Resistors
Resistors are typically 1/4W. The cost for these is negligible, assortment packages typically come in around 0.6¢ per resistor. To handle higher wattage, they can be used in parallel.
Potentiometers range in price and variety. With a knob, they run around $1 a piece. Trim pots are around 5¢ a piece.
Capacitors
Electrolytic up to 220uF are very cheap (2.8¢) and available in assortment packs. Up to 2200uf is still pretty cheap, 7.5¢ with a 1000uF@10v cap coming in around 5.6¢. Beyond this, the goes up rapidly for either additional capacitance or voltage with a 2200uF@25v around 50¢.
Ceramics are cheap up to 100nf, also available in assortment packs (0.4¢).
Inductors
Small inductors are fairly cheap; assortment packs of 1/2w from 1uH to 4.7mH 5.5¢ a piece. They look like resistors.
Connectors
| Description | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Banana Plug | $3.94 / 20 | |
| Spring Terminal | $1 / 2-terminal-block | These come in a wide range of sizes |
| PCB Terminal Blocks | $5.75 / 50x 2-terminal-block | Also come in a variety of sizes. |
| 5.5x2.1mm DC socket | $1.89 / 10 | |
| 0.1" Headers Breakable Male | 50x40-pin $8.75 | For not much more, these come in colors |
| 0.1" Headers Female (not breakable) | 10x40-pin $1.18 | |
| Swiss Machine Pin | 12x40-pin $5.70 | 0.1" Headers Breakable Female |
| USB A PCB socket | $4 / 10 | |
| 3.5mm Socket | $2 / 10 | |
| cable transition connector | $4.90 / 25 | Works with Ribbon cable, doesn't vary much regardless of pins |
Cables
| Name | Wires | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cat5 | 4x twisted pairs | $10 / 150' | very long lengths are cheaper per ft ($50/1000') |
| 1.27mm Pitch Ribbon Cable | 4, 8, 10, 16, 26, 40 | around $1/3' | Uses special connectors |
Ribbon cables have special connectors that convert the 1.27mm pitch cable into dual 2.54mm pitch sockets. A
Circuit Boards
| Description | Cost Source | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Copper Clad Board | 36 x 4"x6" $22 | 2.5¢ insq |
| Ferric Chloride | 4 oz dry / 1L wet $11 | |
| Perf Board | 10 7x5cm $5.25 | 9.5¢ insq |
| Bread Board | Standard Size | $2.50 |
| Shield Bread Board | Sized for Arduino shields | $2 / 5 |
Dev Boards
| Name | Cost | Details |
|---|---|---|
| RasPi 2 B | $39 | 900MHz, 1G ram, HDMI, micro sd |
| RasPi 2 B+ | $30 | 700MHz, 512M ram, HDMI, micro sd |
| RasPi 2 A+ | $25 | 700MHz, 256M ram, HDMI, micro sd |