Vulcan Large CNC

This is really the heart of the whole system. If this is advanced enough, it can handle a whole range of operations.

The head can move in cartesian coordinates as well as tilt 180° in two axis.

Movements don't need to be particularly fast, but they do need to be precise. So it will probably be rigid, so it will probably be heavy.

For CNC milling, automated tool change would be a good target. Even better would be changing the entire head - allowing for combinations of additive and subtractive processes.

Random Ideas

3D Printer Head

Not just a hot end, but a full 3 axis printer. The idea being that the large machine could slowly position the 3D printer, then the 3D print head could move quickly.

Rotary Y

Make the Y axis primarily a rotary axis - like a CNC lathe. For milling, a rigid surface is connected with helical gears like a 3D printer bed. This would also support adding a belt for better automation.

Or a gear train could a lead screw for better precision.